柔性镧系金属有机骨架材料比例荧光法检测Fe³⁺

张亚如¹，付莎¹，杨亚非^*1，夏炎^1，2

（1. 南开大学化学学院中心实验室，天津 300071；2. 天津市生物传感与分子识别重点实验室，天津 300071）

摘要：设计了一个三羧酸柔性配体L，其可提供捕获镧系金属的亲和力及调节配体的能级，并可用于合成同时具有高稳定性和双发射特性的柔性镧系金属有机骨架（Eu-MOF）材料。利用柔性配体到金属的不完全能量转移使得材料出现350 nm和623 nm处的强双发射，构筑了比例荧光传感平台。由于柔性配体不稳定的电子构型以及Eu³⁺和Fe³⁺之间的离子交换，Eu-MOF可用于对Fe³⁺的比例荧光检测。Eu-MOF对Fe³⁺的检出限为0.592 μmol/L，并分别在1.0~60.0 μmol/L和60.0~90.0 μmol/L范围内呈线性关系，响应时间低至3 min。Eu-MOF对Fe³⁺检测具有良好的选择性、抗干扰性以及可回收性，用于实际样品中Fe³⁺检测，加标回收率为98.4%~102.6%。

关键词：柔性配体；柔性镧系金属有机骨架；比例荧光传感；Fe³⁺

中图分类号：O657.39    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1421-08

Flexible lanthanide metal-organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence detection for Iron（III）

ZHANG Yaru¹，FU Sha¹，YANG Yafei^*1，XIA Yan^1，2

1. Central Laboratory，College of Chemistry，Nankai University，Tianjin 300071，China；2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition，Tianjin 300071，China）

Abstract：A tricarboxylic acid flexible ligand L was designed，which not only provided affinity to capture lanthanide metals，but also modulated the energy level of the ligand，to synthesize flexible lanthanide metal-organic framework （Eu-MOF） with high stability and dual emission. The two fluorescence emission peaks of Eu-MOF at 350 nm and 623 nm came from the incomplete energy transfer from the flexible ligand to the metal，and a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was constructed. Due to the unstable electronic configuration of the flexible ligand and the ion exchange between Eu³⁺ and Fe³⁺，Eu-MOF could be used for the detection of Fe³⁺. The detection limit of Fe³⁺ was 0.592 μmol/L and the linear relationships were in the ranges of 1.0-60.0 μmol/L and 60.0-90.0 μmol/L. The response time was about 3 min. The synthesized Eu-MOF has good selectivity，anti-interference and recyclability，and can be used for the detection of Fe³⁺ in real samples，with the recoveries of 98.4%-102.6%.

Keywords：flexible ligand；flexible lanthanide metal-organic framework；ratiometic fluorescence sensing；iron ion

声流体对NE-4C神经干细胞的分化调控

李文君，魏巍，康圣惠，段学欣，王艳艳^*

（精密测试技术与仪器国家重点实验室，天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院，天津 300072）

摘要：基于体声波（BAW）谐振器产生的千兆赫兹声流体（AS）剪切力，搭建了一种调控神经外胚层（NE-4C）干细胞分化进程的微芯片细胞调节系统，探究谐振器作用高度和AS作用时间对NE-4C干细胞神经球、轴突的形成以及轴突长度的影响。结果表明，通过降低谐振器作用高度，能够在增大AS流速的同时减小作用范围；在作用高度较低时，AS能够促进神经球的形成及转变；通过施加不同时间的AS激励，可以调节NE-4C干细胞在短时间内形成不同长度的神经突，并且在撤掉AS后，依旧能够促进轴突的伸长。在该系统下能够加快神经球的形成及神经突的伸长化，从而进一步促进NE-4C干细胞的分化。

关键词：体声波谐振器；声流体；神经干细胞；分化

中图分类号：TH89    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1429-06

Differentiation regulation of NE-4C neural stem cells by acoustic streaming

LI Wenjun，WEI Wei，KANG Shenghui，DUAN Xuexin，WANG Yanyan^*

State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments，College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China）

Abstract：Based on the gigahertz acoustic streaming （AS） shear force produced by bulk acoustic wave （BAW） resonator，a microchip cell regulation system was built to regulate the differentiation process of neuroectodermal （NE-4C） stem cells，and to investigate the effects of the operating height of resonator and AS stimulation time on the formation of neurospheres and neurites and its length of NE-4C stem cells. The results showed that by reducing the operating height of resonator，the flow velocity of AS could be increased and the action range could be reduced simultanously. When operating height was low，the formation and transformation of neurospheres could be promoted by AS. By applying different AS stimulation time，neural stem cells could be adjusted to form neurites of different lengths in a short period of time，and the elongation of neurites could still be promoted after the AS was removed. Under this system，AS could accelerate the formation of neurospheres and the elongation of neurites，thus further promoting the differentiation of NE-4C stem cells.

Keywords：bulk acoustic wave resonator；acoustic streaming （AS）；neural stem cells；differentiation

分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水产品中15种硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留

王旭峰，王强，张英侠，黄珂^*

（中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室，农业农村部渔业环境及水产品质量监督检验测试中心（广州），广州 510300）

摘要：建立了分子印迹固相萃取（MISPE）-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法（MISPE-UPLC-MS/MS）测定水产品中15种硝基咪唑类药物（NMZs）及其代谢物多残留分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取，采用优化的MISPE条件富集净化。以甲醇和水作为流动相梯度洗脱，Kinetex C18色谱柱分离。电喷雾电离正离子（ESI⁺）模式扫描，多反应监测（MRM）模式测定，内标法定量。在质量浓度0.1~100 ng/mL范围内，各目标药物呈良好的线性关系，相关系数（r）≥0.998。方法的检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.1~0.3 μg/kg和0.3~0.8 μg/kg。阴性样品中平均加标回收率为83.6%~118%，相对标准偏差为2.7%~10%。该方法已应用于市售水产品基质中NMZs及其代谢物多残留测定。

关键词：分子印迹固相萃取；液相色谱串联质谱法；硝基咪唑类药物；水产品

中图分类号：O657.63；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1435-07

Determination of 15 nitroimizadoles and their metabolites residues in aquatic products by MISPE-UPLC-MS/MS

WANG Xufeng，WANG Qiang，ZHANG Yingxia，HUANG Ke^*

South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences；Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires （Guangzhou）；Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection & Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires （Guangzhou），Guangzhou 510300，China）

Abstract：A selective multi-residue method （MISPE-UPLC-MS/MS） was established by combining molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE） cleanup with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） for the residual determination of 15 nitroimizadoles （NMZs） and their metabolites in aquatic products. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and then purified by using optimized MISPE protocol prior to injection into UPLC-MS/MS. Chromatographic separation of 15 target analytes was performed on a Kinetex C₁₈ column utilizing methanol and water as mobile phases under gradient elution procedure. These compounds were quantitated with internal standard method and confirmed in multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode using positive electrospray ionization （ESI⁺） scan. The linear ranges for 15 NMZs were 0.1-100 ng/mL with the coefficient of correlations （r） higher than 0.998. The limits of detection （LODs） and the limits of quantitation （LOQs） were in the range of 0.1-0.3 μg/kg and 0.3-0.8 μg/kg，respectively. The average spiked recoveries in negative sample ranged from 83.6% to 118% with the relative standard deviations （RSDs） of 2.7%-10%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the multi-residue determination of 15 NMZs and their metabolites in commercial aquatic sample matrixes with high selectivity and good applicability.

Keywords：molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）；ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）；nitroimizadoles （NMZs）；aquatic products

氮磷共掺碳量子点检测甲硝唑

王少杰，贺园园，刘富韬，王永波^*

（陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院，西安 710021）

摘要：以邻苯二胺和磷酸为原料，通过一步水热法合成了氮磷共掺碳量子点（NP-CDs），通过透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、荧光光谱等对其表面形貌、元素组成和光学性质进行了表征。基于甲硝唑（MNZ）和NP-CDs之间的静电吸附作用和静态猝灭现象，构建了一种快速检测MNZ的荧光探针。在最佳实验条件下，当MNZ浓度在0~100 μmol/L时，NP-CDs的荧光强度变化量与MNZ浓度有良好的线性关系，检出限为0.68 μmol/L。采用加标回收实验检测牛奶和蜂蜜中的MNZ，加标回收率为90.3%~101.9%，相对标准偏差在0.31%~1.3%之间，表明该方法可用于实际样品中MNZ的检测。

关键词：甲硝唑；氮磷共掺碳量子点；荧光探针；可视化

中图分类号：O657.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1442-07

Detection of metronidazole based on nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots

WANG Shaojie，HE Yuanyuan，LIU Futao，WANG Yongbo^*

School of Food Science and Engineering，Shaanxi University of Science and Technology，Xi’an 710021，China）

Abstract：With the o-phenylenediamine and phosphoric acid as raw materials，nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots （NP-CDs） were obtained by a one-step hydrothermal method. The morphology，composition and optical properties were studied by transmission electron microscopy，Fourier infrared transform spectrometry and fluorescence spectrophotometer. Due to the electrostatic adsorption and static quenching phenomenon between NP-CDs and metronidazole（MNZ），the NP-CDs fluorescent probe was conducted for the rapid detection of MNZ. Under the optimal experimental conditions，the variation of fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of MNZ in the range of 0-100 μmol/L，and the detection limit of the method was 0.68 μmol/L. The probe was employed for the detection of MNZ in milk and honey samples by the standard addition method. The recoveries were in the range of 90.3%-101.9%，with the relative standard deviations of 0.31%-1.3%，indicating that the method can be used for the determination of MNZ in real samples.

Keywords：metronidazole；nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots；fluorescent probe；visualization

在线近红外光谱预处理对废旧纺织品定性识别的影响

王悦¹，刘正东²，李文霞^*1，李宁宁¹，王笑宸¹

（1. 北京服装学院材料设计与工程学院，北京 100029；2. 北京服装学院服装艺术与工程学院，北京 100029）

摘要：将近红外光谱分析技术与一阶导数、离散小波变换、标准正态变换、多元散射校正、S-G平滑、移动平均平滑、均值中心化和最大最小归一化8种预处理方法相结合，采用其单一及组合的方法，对聚酯、锦纶、腈纶、棉、毛、真丝、聚酯/棉、聚酯/锦纶、聚酯/氨纶、聚酯/毛、真丝/棉、锦纶/氨纶和特殊类共计13类织物的3620个近红外谱图进行预处理，并建立基于深度卷积神经网络的废旧纺织品定性识别模型。依据定性模型的识别准确率，探讨出适宜该类数据集的谱图预处理方法。研究结果表明，采用S-G平滑、均值中心化+S-G平滑和标准正态变换+S-G平滑的方法预处理后，所得模型的识别准确率均在96%以上。将此3种模型与未经预处理的原模型分别导入“分拣装置”中，对未参与建模的280个样品进行成分识别检验，经预处理优化后的模型识别准确率均高于原模型的89.6%。且均值中心化+S-G平滑预处理后，模型的识别准确率最高达96.8%，识别、分拣时间小于2 s。因此，对原模型样本的近红外光谱数据进行预处理可极大提高模型的识别准确率，为废旧纺织品的在线高效识别与自动分拣提供新方法。

关键词：在线近红外光谱预处理；废旧纺织品；定性识别与分拣

中图分类号：O657.33    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1449-06

Influence of online near-infrared spectroscopy preprocessing on qualitative identification of waste textiles

WANG Yue¹，LIU Zhengdong²，LI Wenxia^*1，LI Ningning¹，WANG Xiaochen¹

1. College of Materials Design and Engineering，Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology，Beijing 100029，China；2. College of Fashion Art and Engineering，Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology，Beijing 100029，China）

Abstract：Near-infrared spectral analysis technology has been combined with 8 spectral preprocessing methods including First Derivative，Discreet Wavelet Transform，Standard Normal Variate，Multiplicative Scatter Correction，S-G Smoothing，Moving Average Smoothing，Mean Centering and Max-Min Scaling. The single pretreatment and their combinations methods were used to optimize and pretreat 3620 near-infrared spectra of 13 types of fabrics，including polyester，nylon，acrylic，cotton，wool，silk，polyester/cotton，polyester/nylon，polyester/spandex，polyester/wool，silk/cotton，nylon/spandex and special types. The qualitative identification model of waste textiles based on deep convolution neural network was established. According to the recognition accuracy of the qualitative model，the suitable spectral preprocessing method for this kind of data set has been discussed. The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the optimized model trained was above 96% after preprocessing with S-G Smoothing，Mean Centering+S-G Smoothing and Standard Normal Variate+S-G Smoothing. The three models and the original model were respectively introduced into the "sorting device"，then 280 samples that did not participate in the modeling were identified and tested，and the recognition accuracy of the model after preprocessing optimization was higher than 89.6% of the original model. Among them，after Mean Centering+S-G Smoothing preprocessing，the actual recognition accuracy of the model was the highest of 96.8%，and identification and sorting time was less than 2 s. Therefore，preprocessing the near-infrared spectral data of the original model samples can greatly improve the recognition accuracy of the model，and provide innovative technologies for efficient online identification and automatic sorting of waste textiles.

Keywords：online near-infrared spectral preprocessing；waste textiles；qualitative identification and sorting

基于久洛尼定的铝离子荧光探针的合成与性能

李政^*，彭晓霞，王树军，陈钰

（廊坊师范学院化学与材料科学学院，廊坊 065000）

摘要：设计合成了基于久洛尼定的酰腙荧光探针JNPH，并使用核磁共振波谱（NMR）和高分辨质谱（HRMS）表征了JNPH的结构。采用荧光发射光谱研究了在DMSO/Tris-HCl（7∶3，V∶V）缓冲体系中探针JNPH对金属离子的识别能力。结果表明，在DMSO缓冲液中探针JNPH对Al³⁺显示出选择性荧光增强识别，且具有良好的识别灵敏性。Job曲线显示探针JNPH与Al³⁺结合的化学计量比为1∶1。探针JNPH对Al³⁺的识别不受大多数金属离子的干扰，检测Al³⁺的线性范围为0~80 μmol/L，检出限为0.38 μmol/L。探针JNPH具有快速响应识别Al³⁺的能力，响应时间为60 s。利用¹H-NMR研究了探针JNPH对Al³⁺的识别机理，并结合Job曲线推测了探针JNPH与Al³⁺的作用模式。

关键词：久洛尼定；铝离子；荧光探针；性能

中图分类号：O657.31；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1455-06

Synthesis and properties of fluorescent probes based on julolidine for the detection of Al³⁺

LI Zheng^*，PENG Xiaoxia，WANG Shujun，CHEN Yu

College of Chemistry and Materials Science，Langfang Normal University，Langfang 065000，China）

Abstract：An acylhydrazone-based fluorescent probe JNPH derived from julonidine was designed and synthesized，and its structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and high resolution mass spectrometry （HRMS）. The recognition ability of probe JNPH for metal ions in DMSO/Tris-HCl （7∶3，V∶V） buffer system was investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the probe JNPH had an excellent selective and sensitivity recognition for Al³⁺ with fluorescence enhancement in DMSO buffer solution. Job's curve showed that the stoichiometric ratio between probe JNPH and Al³⁺ was 1∶1. The recognition of Al³⁺ by probe JNPH was not interfered by most metal ions. The linear detection range of probe JNPH for Al³⁺ was 0-80 μmol/L，and the detection limit was 0.38 μmol/L. Probe JNPH had the ability for rapid response to identify Al³⁺ in 60 s. The sensing mechanism was studied by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy，and the binding mode between probe JNPH and Al³⁺ was inferred by combining ¹H-NMR with Job's curve.

Keywords：julolidine；Al³⁺；fluorescent probe；performance

垫料生物质活性炭修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺和尿酸的同步检测

荣成^1，2，黎伟¹，李振国¹，景蕊¹，郑新宇¹，黄彪^*2

（1. 福建农林大学生命科学学院，福州 350002；2. 福建农林大学材料工程学院，福州 350002）

摘要：通过碱活化法制备了垫料生物质活性炭（BMAC），元素分析显示除C外，其还含N，S等杂原子。通过扫描电镜（SEM）和拉曼光谱等方法对BMAC进行了表征，结果显示BMAC表面孔道丰富，并呈现一定的石墨化。N₂吸-脱附测试显示BMAC的比表面积为408.43 m²/g，平均孔径为3.08 nm。将BMAC复合在玻碳电极（GCE）上制备了BMAC/GCE复合电极。多巴胺（DA）和尿酸（UA）在BMAC/GCE上具有独立的氧化峰，峰电位分别为305 mV和432 mV。在pH 6、BMAC负载量为3 μg时，DA和UA在BMAC/GCE的独立氧化峰电流达到最强。在0.5~20 μmol/L以及20~200 μmol/L范围内，DA，UA的峰电流与其浓度均存在2段线性关系，在BMAC/GCE的检出限均低至0.1 μmol/L。BMAC/GCE具有可靠的重复使用性和抗干扰性，其对实际样品中DA和UA的加标回收率分别为98.3%~101.1%和98.8%~104.0%，表明BMAC/GCE具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词：垫料；活性炭；多巴胺；尿酸；检测

中图分类号：TQ15    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1461-07

Preparation and simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid by bedding biomaterial activated carbon modified electrode

RONG Cheng^1，2，LI Wei¹，LI Zhenguo¹，JING Rui¹，ZHENG Xinyu¹，HUANG Biao^*2

1. College of Life Science，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China；2. College of Material Engineering，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China）

Abstract：The bedding biomaterial activated carbon （BMAC） was prepared through the alkali activation method. Element analysis showed that except C element，there are hybrid atoms such as N，S in BMAC. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Raman spectrum were employed to characterize BMAC，and the results showed abundant pores spread all over BMAC with a certain degree of graphitization. The adsorption-desorption of N₂ revealed the pore size was about 3.08 nm and the specified surface area was about 408.43 m²/g for BMAC. The composite electrode of BMAC/GCE was assembled to detect dopamine （DA） and uric acid （UA） by dispensing some BMAC on the surface of the glass carbon electrode （GCE）. The results showed that DA and UA presented independent oxidation peaks on the surface of BMAC/GCE，which reached the maximum at pH 6 and the loading amount of BMAC on GCE of 3 μg. The peak currents of DA and UA had two-stage linear relationships with their concentrations in the ranges of 0.5-20 μmol/L and 20-200 μmol/L，respectively，and the detection limits on BMAC/GCE were all as low as 0.1 μmol/L. BMAC/GCE has reliable reusability and anti-interference，and the adding standard recoveries for real DA and UA samples were 98.3%-101.1% and 98.8%-104.0%，respectively，meaning BMAC/GCE has potential application value.

Keywords：bedding material；activated carbon；dopamine；uric acid；detection

基于稳定一致波长优选的综纤维素近红外分析模型传递

王红鸿¹，熊智新^*1，胡云超¹，刘智健¹，梁龙²

（1. 南京林业大学轻工与食品学院，南京 210037；2. 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所，南京 210042）

摘要：以实现纸浆材综纤维素含量的近红外分析模型在3台不同型号光谱仪上共享为目标，提出SWCSS-UVE及SWCSS-CARS联用算法。即分别利用竞争性自适应重加权采样算法（CARS）和无信息变量剔除（UVE）算法，减少SWCSS方法中入选的无信息或信息少波长的不利影响，以提高模型转移精度，并与单独的SWCSS和分段直接标准化算法（PDS）以及斜率截距（S/B）算法校正后的传递结果进行比较。结果表明，通过SWCSS-UVE方法最终可从稳定一致光谱信号中进一步优选出91个波长建立模型，该模型能同时应用于2台从机所测量光谱的分析，预测标准偏差（RMSEP） 分别从模型转移前的2.0114和9.4518下降到了1.5919与1.6818，优于SWCSS，SWCSS-CARS和PDS以及S/B算法的结果。这表明SWCSS-UVE算法可以有效剔除SWCSS方法中包含的无效波长，简化模型传递过程，提高模型传递效率和稳健性。

关键词：综纤维素含量；近红外光谱；稳定一致波长；波长优选；模型传递

中图分类号：O657.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1468-08

Model transfer for near infrared analysis of holocellulose based on stable and consistent wavelength optimization

WANG Honghong¹，XIONG Zhixin^*1，HU Yunchao¹，LIU Zhijian¹，LIANG Long²

1. College of Light Industry and Food，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210037，China；2. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Nanjing 210042，China）

Abstract：The combined algorithm of SWCSS-UVE and SWCSS-CARS was proposed to realize the aim of achieving the sharing of the near infrared analysis model of the holocellulose content of pulp material on three different spectral instruments. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling （CARS） and uninformative variables elimination （UVE） algorithm were used to reduce the adverse effects of wavelengths with no information or less information selected in the SWCSS method to improve model transfer accuracy. The results were compared with the transfer results corrected by the separate SWCSS，the piecewise direct standardization algorithm （PDS） and the slope intercept （S/B） algorithm. And the results showed that the SWCSS-UVE method can finally establish a model by selecting 91 wavelengths from the stable and consistent spectral signal. The method can be applied in the analysis of the spectra measured by the two instruments at the same time. The root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） dropped from 2.0114 and 9.4518 to 1.5919 and 1.6818 respectively compared to before model transfer，which was superior to the results of SWCSS，SWCSS-CARS，PDS and S/B algorithm. The results showed that the SWCSS-UVE algorithm can effectively eliminate the invalid wavelength contained in the SWCSS method，greatly simplify the model transfer process and improve the efficiency and robustness of the model transfer.

Keywords：holocellulose content；near infrared spectroscopy；stable consistent wavelength；wavelength optimization；model transfer

基于CRISPR-Cas12a与G-四链体构建免标记电化学生物传感器检测microRNA

史铠，陈稼轩，李琼，杨孝容，成英，宋九华^*，孙国峰^*

（乐山师范学院新能源材料与化学学院，乐山 614000）

摘要：CRISPR-Cas12a是一种功能强大且可编程的分子诊断技术。本文基于CRISPR-Cas12a的附属切割活性与G-四链体/氯化血红素（Hemin）复合物，设计了一个免标记电化学生物传感器，实现对miRNA的强特异性检测。靶标miRNA-21与双链DNA探针上的Toehold区域结合并发生链置换反应，置换出双链DNA探针中较短的DNA。置换下来的DNA可以有效地激活CRISPR-Cas12a的附属切割活性。随后，具有附属切割活性的Cas12a切割电极表面上形成G-四链体/Hemin的DNA序列，导致电流信号减弱。在最优条件下，电流信号强度变化与10~100 pmol/L范围内的miRNA-21浓度呈良好的线性关系，检出限为4.2 pmol/L。该电化学生物传感器能够实现对单个碱基突变的miRNA-21或其它miRNA序列特异性识别，并可用于人血清样本（10%）中miRNA-21的检测。

关键词：CRISPR-Cas12a；G-四链体；免标记；电化学生物传感器；microRNA

中图分类号：O657.15    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1476-07

A label-free electrochemical biosensor for microRNA detection based on CRISPR-Cas12a and G-quadruplex

SHI Kai，CHEN Jiaxuan，LI Qiong，YANG Xiaorong，CHENG Ying，SONG Jiuhua^*，SUN Guofeng^*

College of New Energy Materials and Chemistry，Leshan Normal University，Leshan 614000，China）

Abstract：CRISPR-Cas12a is a powerful and programmable molecular diagnostic technology. A highly specific and label-free biosensor herein was presented for electrochemical detection of miRNA based on the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a and the complex of the G-quadruplex/Hemin. The target miRNA-21 binds to the toehold region of the duplex DNA and initiates strand displacement reaction to replace the short DNA of the duplex DNA. The replaced DNA can effectively activate the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a. Subsequently，the G-quadruplex/Hemin DNA sequence is cleaved by activated CRISPR-Cas12a，leading to the current signal decrease. Under the optimal conditions，the electrochemical biosensor can detect target miRNA-21 in a linear range of 10 to 100 pmol/L with the limit of detection lower to 4.2 pmol/L. The developed biosensor has the ability to differentiate even a single-base mismatched sequence on the miRNA-21 or other miRNAs，and can be used to detect miRNA-21 in human serum samples.

Keywords：CRISPR-Cas12a；G-quadruplex；label-free；electrochemical biosensor；microRNA

基于荧光共振能量转移的核酸适配体传感器检测环丙沙星

李滨汐^1，2，王婷^1，2，王安琪^1，2，王雪^1，2，钱美汝^1，2，朱咏莉^1，2，李胎花^*1，2

（1. 南京林业大学生物与环境学院南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京 210037；2. 江苏洪泽湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站，洪泽 223100）

摘要：建立了一种基于荧光共振能量转移（FRET）的核酸适配体传感器，并用于检测实际水体和牛奶中的环丙沙星（CIP）。为了防止羧基荧光素（FAM）被CIP猝灭，FAM和四甲基罗丹明（TAMRA）分别标记在互补单链DNA（FAM-cDNA）和适配体（TAMRA-APT），通过DNA杂交发生FRET，TAMRA有效猝灭FAM的荧光。CIP加入后，其与FAM-cDNA发生亲和力竞争反应，CIP与TAMRA-APT形成结构更稳定的CIP/TAMRA-APT复合物，使体系FAM的荧光恢复。在优化条件下，本方法对CIP表现出高灵敏度和高选择性，检测浓度线性范围为0.01~1 μmol/L，检出限为6 nmol/L；对实际水样和牛奶的加标回收率为90.4%~113.2%，相对标准偏差为1.8%~11%。该荧光适配体传感器具有成本低、灵敏度高、特异性好等优点，在环境中CIP残留快速检测方面具有良好的应用潜力。

关键词：适配体传感器；环丙沙星；氟喹诺酮类抗生素；荧光共振能量转移；荧光猝灭

中图分类号：X52；X56    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1483-06

A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based aptasensor for the detection of ciprofloxacin

LI Binxi^1，2，WANG Ting^1，2，WANG Anqi^1，2，WANG Xue^1，2，QIAN Meiru^1，2，ZHU Yongli^1，2，LI Taihua^*1，2

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China，College of Biology and the Environment，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210037，China；2.National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province，Hongze 223100，China）

Abstract：A fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET）-based aptasensor was established for the detection of ciprofloxacin （CIP） in water and milk. The fluorescence of carboxyfluorescein （FAM）could be effectively quenched by tetramethylrhodamine（TAMRA） based on the FRET occurred by the hybridization of TAMRA-labeled aptamer （TAMRA-APT） with fluorescein-labeled complementary DNA （FAM-cDNA）. However，CIP could compete with FAM-cDNA in affinity，which means after its addition to form a more stable CIP/TAMRA-APT complex with TAMRA-APT，FAM-cDNA was released，leading to the fluorescence of FAM system recovered. As a result，the aptasensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity for CIP detection. Under the optimal conditions，the linear range of CIP concentrations for the method was 0.01-1 μmol/L，and the detection limit was 6 nmol/L. Furthermore，the recoveries of the spiked water and milk samples were 90.4%-113.2%，and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） were 1.8%-11%. The fluorescent aptasensor，with low cost，high sensitivity and specificity，has good application potential in the rapid detection of CIP residues in the environment.

Keywords：aptasensor；ciprofloxacin；fluoroquinolones；fluorescence resonance energy transfer；fluorescence quenching

时间分辨荧光免疫层析法检测青海牦牛肉中磺胺类药物残留

黄文颖¹，张沛¹，潘丽贞¹，赵维章¹，张正英¹，秦誉²，马立才²，张立成^*1

（1. 青海省动植物检疫站，西宁 810099；2. 北京维德维康生物技术有限公司，北京 100095）

摘要：以羧基化铕微球作为荧光标记物，将磺胺类药物抗原和羊抗鼠免疫球蛋白分别包被于硝酸纤维素（NC）膜上得到检测线T和控制线C，制备了免疫层析试纸条。依据T线与C线荧光信号值的比值（T/C）以及样品中磺胺类药物的浓度含量建立定量标准曲线。结果表明，该方法检测的牦牛肉定量限均低于2 μg/kg，样品的添加回收率在90%~115%，其中批内离散系数均低于10%、批间离散系数均低于13%。通过对盲样的测定，本法结果和仪器法结果符合率为100%。

关键词：牦牛肉；时间分辨荧光免疫分析（TRFIA）；磺胺类药物残留；食品安全

中图分类号：O657.31；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1489-05

Detection of sulfonamides residues by time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography in yak meat

HUANG Wenying¹，ZHANG Pei¹，PAN Lizhen¹，ZHAO Weizhang¹，ZHANG Zhengying¹，QIN Yu²，MA Licai²，ZHANG Licheng^*1

1. Animals and Plants Quarantine Station of Qinghai Province，Xining 810099，China；2. Beijing WDWK Biotechnology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100095，China）

Abstract：Using carboxylated europium microspheres as fluorescent markers，sulfamethazine antigen and goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin were coated on nitrocellulose （NC） membrane，which were marked as detection line T and control line C，respectively，to make immunochromatographic strips. According to the ratio of the fluorescence signal value of T line and C line （T/C） and the concentration of sulfonamides in the sample，a quantitative standard curve was established. The results showed that the limit of quantification of yak meat detected by this method was less than 2 μg/kg，and the recoveries of all samples were between 90% and 115%. The intra-assay relative standard deviations （RSDs） were less than 10% and the inter-assay RSDs were less than 13%. Through the determination of blind samples，the consistence rate between this method and the instrument method was 100%.

Keywords：yak meat；time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography（TRFIA）；sulfonamide residues；food safety

尿液中新型合成大麻素及其代谢物的检验研究

古锟山¹，王继芬^*1，张瑛^*2，覃仕扬²，张文芳²

（1. 中国人民公安大学侦查学院，北京 100038；2. 北京市公安司法鉴定中心，法庭毒物分析公安部重点实验室，北京 100192）

摘要：利用液相色谱-高分辨质谱（LC-HRMS）建立了尿液中3种新型合成大麻素及5种代谢物的快速检验方法。前处理分别采用沉淀蛋白和固相萃取2种方法，选用Thermo Hypersil GOLD C₁₈（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.9 μm）色谱柱进行分离，以含10 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液进行梯度洗脱；采用正离子扫描模式，一级质谱全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描（Full MS/dd-MS2）进行检测。结果表明，沉淀蛋白法检出限为1~3 ng/mL，定量限为2~5 ng/mL，固相萃取法检出限为0.1~1 ng/mL，定量限为0.5~2 ng/mL，回收率为76.5%~91.7%，基质效应范围为77.6%~97.3%，日内日间相对标准偏差均小于12%。将建立的方法用于检验疑似合成大麻素吸食者的尿液检材并检出了目标物，表明所建立的方法可应用于公安机关对实际案件的检验。

关键词：新型合成大麻素；液相色谱-高分辨质谱技术；沉淀蛋白法；固相萃取法

中图分类号：O657.63；O657.7    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1494-08

Study on the detection of novel synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in urine

GU Kunshan¹，WANG Jifen^*1，ZHANG Ying^*2，QIN Shiyang²，ZHANG Wenfang²

1. School of Investigation，People’s Public Security University of China，Beijing 100038，China；2. Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau，Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology，Ministry of Public Security，Beijing 100192，China）

Abstract：A rapid method for the detection of three novel synthetic cannabinoids and five metabolites in urine was established using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （LC-HRMS）. Two pretreatment methods including precipitated protein and solid phase extraction were investigated. Thermo Hypersil GOLD C₁₈ （100 mm×2.1 mm，1.9 μm） column was selected for the separation，and the gradient elution was performed with aqueous 0.1% formic acid solution containing 10 mmol/L ammonium formate and methanolic solution containing 0.1% formic acid. The positive ion scan mode with primary mass spectrometry full scan/data-dependent secondary mass spectrometry scan （Full MS/dd-MS2） was used for the detection. The limits of detection were 1-3 ng/mL and the limits of quantification were 2-5 ng/mL for the precipitated protein method. The limits of detection were 0.1-1 ng/mL and 0.5-2 ng/mL for the solid phase extraction method. Besides，the recoveries were between 76.5%-91.7%，the matrix effects were 77.6%-97.3%，and the relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day were less than 12%，indicating that this method can be applied to the practical testing.

Keywords：novel synthetic cannabinoids；liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （LC-HRMS）；protein precipitation；solid-phase extraction

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定注射用头孢曲松钠中2-巯基苯并噻唑的含量

魏永涛¹，崔玉玲¹，林娣²，张红梅¹，王桂英¹，张秋红^*1

（1. 济南市食品药品检验检测中心，济南?250101；2. 山东福瑞达生物股份有限公司，济南?250101）

摘要：建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定注射用头孢曲松钠中2-巯基苯并噻唑（MBT）基因毒性杂质含量。样品经甲醇提取，50%（V/V）乙腈稀释后，采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T₃色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm）分离，乙腈-0.05%（V/V）乙酸（80∶20，V/V）为流动相，电喷雾离子源（ESI），多反应监测（MRM）负离子模式扫描，外标法定量。MBT在0.11~10.92 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好（r²=0.9989），检出限为0.03 ng/mL，定量限为0.08 ng/mL，平均回收率为96.8%，相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于3.5%。采用该方法检测抽检的14个厂家63批次样品中MBT杂质含量，59批次样品中有MBT检出。该方法适用于注射用头孢曲松钠中MBT的定性和定量分析。

关键词：注射用头孢曲松钠；2-巯基苯并噻唑；基因毒性杂质；超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）

中图分类号：R917    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1502-06

Determination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in ceftriaxone sodium for injection by UPLC-MS/MS

WEI Yongtao¹，CUI Yuling¹，LIN Di²，ZHANG Hongmei¹，WANG Guiying¹，ZHANG Qiuhong^*1

1. Jinan City Institute for Food and Drug Control，Jinan 250101，China；2. Shandong Freda Biotech Co.，Ltd.，Jinan 250101，China）

Abstract：An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method  was established for the determination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole （MBT），a genotoxic impurity，in ceftriaxone sodium for injection. The extracts by methanol were dissolved and diluted with 50%（V/V） acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was conducted on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T₃ column （2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm）. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water containing 0.05%（V/V） acetic acid with the proportion of 80∶20 （V/V）. The electrospray ionization （ESI） source in negative mode and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） were used for the detection of MBT，and external standard method for quantitative analysis. The results showed that the proposed standard curve of MBT was linear in the range of 0.11-10.92 ng/mL，and the correlation coefficient （r²） was 0.9989. The limit of detection （LOD） was 0.03 ng/mL，and the limit of quantification （LOQ） was 0.08 ng/mL. The average recovery was 96.8%，and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was no higher than 3.5%. Samples of 63 batches from 14 pharmaceutical manufacturers were determined by this method，and MBTs were found in 59 batches. This method can be applied for the confirmation and detection of MBT in ceftriaxone sodium for injection.

Keywords：ceftriaxone sodium for injection；2-mercaptobenzothiazole；genotoxic impurity；ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）

基于氮掺杂碳量子点荧光探针检测谷胱甘肽

朱振茂¹，严大鹏¹，黄泽华¹，钟晓岚¹，沈赟^*2

（1. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院药剂科，厦门 361015；2. 复旦大学附属中山医院药剂科，上海 200032）

摘要：以水杨酸和乙二胺为原料，采用一步水热法合成了绿色荧光的氮掺杂碳量子点（N-CDs）。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）、荧光光谱等对N-CDs进行了表征。由于从N-CDs到MnO₂纳米片的荧光共振能量转移（FRET），N-CDs的荧光可以被MnO₂纳米片猝灭。然而，谷胱甘肽（GSH）的存在会使MnO₂纳米片还原为Mn²⁺，从而导致荧光信号的充分恢复。基于上述原理，建立了一种检测GSH的方法，其线性范围为0.1~130 μmol/L，检出限为0.089 μmol/L。此外，N-CDs显示出低细胞毒性，已成功用于人肝癌细胞（HepG2）中的GSH成像。

关键词：氮掺杂碳量子点；荧光探针；谷胱甘肽

中图分类号：O657.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1508-08

Detection of glutathione based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a fluorescence probe

ZHU Zhenmao¹，YAN Dapeng¹，HUANG Zehua¹，ZHONG Xiaolan¹，SHEN Yun^*2

1. Department of Pharmacy，Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University（Xiamen Branch），Xiamen 361015，China；2. Department of Pharmacy，Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University，Shanghai 200032，China）

Abstract：The green fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots （N-CDs） were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using salicylic acid and ethylenediamine as raw materials. The synthesized N-CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM），Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR），and fluorescence spectroscopy. Due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） from N-CDs to the MnO₂ nanosheets，the fluorescence of N-CDs can be quenched by MnO₂ nanosheets. However，the presence of glutathione （GSH） would reduce MnO₂ nanosheets to Mn²⁺，resulting in sufficient recovery of fluorescent signal. Based on the above principle，a method was established to detect GSH with the linear range of 0.1-130 μmol/L and the limit of detection of 0.089 μmol/L. In addition，the N-CDs displayed low cytotoxicity and had been successfully used to image GSH in HepG2 cells.

Keywords：nitrogen-doped carbon dots；fluorescence probe；glutathione

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐残留量

辛若竹¹，丁梅¹，李志远²，石金娥^*3

（1. 梅河口市食品药品检验检测中心，梅河口 135000；2. 上海爱博才思分析仪器贸易有限公司，上海 100015；3. 梧州学院食品与制药工程学院，梧州 543000）

摘要：建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果蔬菜中双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐残留量。选择沃柑、橘子、橙子、苹果、西瓜、葡萄、番茄、黄瓜为样品，用25%（V/V）丙酮溶液（含1%（V/V）甲酸）提取，上清液用50%（V/V）甲醇溶液（含0.5%（V/V）甲酸）稀释后分析。以Kinetex 2.6 μm Biphenyl 10 nm色谱柱（100 mm×3.0 mm）为分析柱，5 mmoL/L甲酸铵水溶液（含0.1%（V/V）甲酸）和0.1%（V/V）甲酸甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱，电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测（MRM）模式下，以双胍辛胺的双电荷加合离子［M+2H］²⁺ m/z：178.7为母离子，与其子离子m/z：157.8，187.3，280.5组建MRM离子对进行检测，基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明，双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐在0.1~100.0 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数（r）均大于0.999；平均回收率在72.2%~109.5%之间，相对标准偏差为1.3%~17%；方法检出限2 μg/kg，定量限4 μg/kg。方法可用于果蔬中双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐残留量的测定。

关键词：双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐；双胍辛胺；果蔬；超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法

中图分类号：O657.63    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1516-06

Determination of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

XIN Ruozhu¹，DING Mei¹，LI Zhiyuan²，SHI Jin'e^*3

1. Meihekou Center for Food and Drug Control ，Meihekou 135000，China；2. Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co.，Ltd.，Shanghai 100015，China；3. College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering，Wuzhou University，Wuzhou 543000，China）

Abstract：A method was established for the determination of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Citrus，tangerine，orange，apple，watermelon，grape，tomato and cucumber were selected as analytical samples. The samples were extracted with 25%（V/V） acetone solution （containing 1%（V/V） formic acid）. The supernatant was diluted 10 times with 50%（V/V） methanol solution （containing 0.5%（V/V） formic acid） and analyzed. Kinetex 2.6 μm Biphenyl 10 nm column （100 mm×3.0 mm） was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase was consisted of 5 mmoL/L ammonium formate solution （containing 0.1%（V/V）formic acid） and 0.1%（V/V） formic acid methanol. The electrospray ionization source was operated in the positive ion mode under multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. The double charge adduct ion［M+2H］²⁺ of guanoctine with m/z of 178.7 as the parent ion，and its daughter ions with m/z of 157.8，187.3 and 280.5 were used to form MRM ion pairs for detection. The matrix-matched external standard method was used for quantification. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） in the range of 0.1-100.0 ng/mL，and the correlation coefficient （r） was greater than 0.999. The average recoveries were 72.2%-109.5%，and the relative standard deviations were 1.3%-17%. The detection limit was 2 μg/kg，and the quantitation limit was 4 μg/kg. The method can be used for the determination of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） residues in fruits and vegetables.

Keywords：iminoctadine tris（albesilate）；guanoctine；fruit and vegetables；ultra high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry

食品中违禁色素的电化学传感技术研究进展

向栋林，吴巧灵，邱树毅，陶菡^*

（贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院，贵州省发酵工程与生物制药重点实验室，贵阳 550025）

摘要：食品中违禁色素对人体有致癌、基因毒性和细胞毒性等不良作用。因此开发准确、灵敏的违禁色素检测技术具有重要意义。相比其他检测技术，电化学传感技术具有成本低、操作简便、快速和灵敏的优点，而且可以发展成便携式仪器进行及时有效的现场检测。通过与纳米技术结合，近年来食品中违禁色素的电化学检测取得了很大进展。本文总结了食品中违禁色素的电化学传感技术的发展，重点综述了近5年纳米材料基电化学传感技术的研究进展，并讨论了该技术目前存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。

关键词：食品；违禁色素；电化学；传感技术；纳米材料

中图分类号：O657.1；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1522-10

Research progress in electrochemical sensing technology for illegal dyes in food

XIANG Donglin，WU Qiaoling，QIU Shuyi，TAO Han^*

School of Liquor and Food Engineering，Guizhou University，Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province，Guiyang 550025，China）

Abstract：Banned dyes in food has adverse effects such as carcinogenicity，genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on humans. Therefore，it is important to develop accurate and sensitive detection technologies for illegal dyes. Compared with other detection technologies，electrochemical sensing technology has the advantages of low cost，simple and high sensitivity. More importantly，it can be developed into portable apparatus for on-site detection  more timely and effectively. The electrochemical detection of illegal dyes in food has made great progress in recent years through the combination of nanotechnology and electrochemical technology. This paper summarized the development of electrochemical sensing technology for the detection of illegal dyes in food，reviewed the latest research progress of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing technology in the past five years，and discussed the shortcomings and future development trends of the technology.

Keywords：food；illegal dyes；electrochemistry；sensing techniques；nanomaterials

柱芳烃纳米材料的制备及在传感中的研究进展

吴锐¹，刘家钦²，陶俞辛¹，冉淑琴¹，陈玉雪¹，潘雯¹，陈元¹，谭晓平^*1，3

（1. 长江师范学院化学化工学院，涪陵 408100；2. 昆明医科大学第二附属医院，昆明 650106；3. 重庆幼儿师范高等专科学校，万州 404047）

摘要：利用超分子大环构建多功能纳米材料引起了人们的广泛关注。柱芳烃作为新一代超分子大环主体，其合成及应用尤为重要，易于功能化和内部空腔可调的电子特性，使得它们能够结合多种客体分子，通过非共价相互作用选择性地与金属离子络合，从而获得优异的特性和功能。本文概述了柱芳烃纳米材料在电化学和荧光传感中的应用研究进展，对当前柱芳烃合成过程中存在的问题及柱芳烃纳米材料的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。

关键词：柱芳烃；主客体识别；多功能纳米材料；传感

中图分类号：O656    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1532-08

Research progress on the preparation of pillar［n］arenes nanomaterials and their application in sensing

WU Rui¹，LIU Jiaqin²，TAO Yuxin¹，RAN Shuqin¹，CHEN Yuxue¹，PAN Wen¹，CHEN Yuan¹，TAN Xiaoping^*1，3

1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Yangtze Normal University，Fuling 408100，China；2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University，Kunming 650106，China；3. Chongqing Preschool Education College，Wanzhou 404047，China）

Abstract：The use of supramolecular macrocycles to construct multifunctional nanomaterials has attracted extensive attentions. As a new developing family of macrocyclic hosts，the synthesis and application of pillar［n］arenes are particularly important. The electronic characteristics of easy functionalization and adjustable internal cavities enable them to bind with a variety of guest molecules and to selectively complex with metal ions through non-covalent interactions，thereby endow them with excellent properties and functions. This review summarizes the research progress in the preparation of pillar［n］arene-based nanomaterials and their applications in sensing. The problems existing in the synthesis of pillar［n］arene are discussed，and the direction of research and development is prospected.

Keywords：pillar［n］arenes；host-guest recognition；multifunctional nanomaterials；sensing

荧光碳点在分析传感中的应用进展

张蕾，王婷，张正伟^*

（重庆医科大学药学院，重庆 400016）

摘要：荧光碳点（CDs）是2004年发现的一种新型碳基纳米材料，呈球形、粒径在2~10 nm左右，具有优异的荧光性能、易于功能化修饰、抗光漂白性强、环境危害低、生物相容性好以及合成原料来源丰富等特点，被认为是有机荧光染料和半导体量子点的最佳替代品，在光电学、光催化、化学传感和生物成像等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了CDs作为化学传感器的荧光检测机制，重点总结了近年来CDs在离子、有机小分子以及生物大分子检测等方面的应用，以期为荧光纳米探针的设计与应用提供理论和研究依据。

关键词：荧光碳点；检测机制；分析检测；传感器

中图分类号：O657.31；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1540-12

Recent progress of fluorescent carbon dots in analytical applications

ZHANG Lei，WANG Ting，ZHANG Zhengwei^*

College of Pharmacy，Chongqing Medical University，Chongqing 400016，China）

Abstract：Fluorescent carbon dots （CDs），first discovered in 2004，are a new type of carbon-based nanomaterials with spherical shape and particle size in the range of 2-10 nm. They are considered to be the best substitutes for organic fluorescent dyes and semiconductor quantum dots owning to their excellent fluorescence properties，easy functionalization，strong photobleaching resistance，low environmental toxicity，good biocompatibility，and abundant synthetic raw materials. They have broad application prospects in the fields of optoelectronics，photocatalysis，chemical sensing and biological imaging. This paper mainly introduces the fluorescence detection mechanism of CDs as chemical sensors，and focuses on the recent progress of CDs in analytical applications including ions，organic small molecules，and biological macromolecules. It is expected to provide theoretical and research basis for the design and application of fluorescent nanoprobes.

Keywords：fluorescent carbon dots；detection mechanism；analytical detection；sensor

C反应蛋白电化学免疫传感器的研究进展

刘淑媛，李凯文，王星皓，李崭虹，王子峰，朱志刚^*

（上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院，上海 200093）

摘要：C反应蛋白（CRP）是炎症、心血管、冠心病以及败血症等疾病的临床生物标志物，经常用于评估和监测多种疾病，具有重要的临床意义。电化学免疫传感器具有多功能性、操作简单、成本低以及体积小等特性，已经广泛应用于临床诊断、环境检测、制药工程等领域。基于抗体和适配体2种生物识别元件，分析了这2类电化学免疫传感器的优缺点，概述了其在检测CRP中的研究进展，并展望了CRP电化学免疫传感器的研究方向。

关键词：C反应蛋白；电化学；免疫传感器；抗体；适配体

中图分类号：O646    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2023）11-1552-11

Research progress of C-reactive protein electrochemical immunosensor

LIU Shuyuan，LI Kaiwen，WANG Xinghao，LI Zhanhong，WANG Zifeng，ZHU Zhigang^*

College of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China）

Abstract：C-reactive protein （CRP） is a clinical biomarker of inflammation，cardiovascular disease，coronary heart disease，sepsis and other diseases. It is often used to evaluate and monitor a variety of diseases，and has important clinical significance. Electrochemical sensors have been widely used in clinical diagnosis，environmental detection，pharmaceutical engineering and other fields because of their versatility，simple operation，low cost and small volume. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of electrochemical immunosensors based on antibody and aptamer recognition respectively，summarizes their research progress in detecting CRP，and prospects the research direction of CRP electrochemical immunosensor in the future.

Keywords：C-reactive protein；electrochemistry；immunosensor；antibody；aptamer