等离激元促进光电化学生物传感

冯真真¹，樊谨菘¹，张培^*1，2，李昆^*1

（1. 化学生物传感与计量学国家重点实验室，湖南大学化学化工学院，长沙410082；2. 江西省有机功能分子重点实验室，江西科技师范大学，南昌330013）

摘要：光电化学传感技术具有优异的分析性能，在分析化学领域发展迅速。其中，光电活性材料的选择和合理设计对于实现高效的光电化学传感至关重要。贵金属纳米颗粒具有局域表面等离激元共振效应的优异光响应性质，已在光电化学传感领域得到了越来越多的应用。本文介绍了等离激元金属纳米材料在光电化学中的传感机制，分别总结了等离激元金属纳米材料直接和间接应用于光电化学传感的研究进展。最后，对等离激元金属纳米材料用于光电化学传感的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词：等离激元纳米材料；光电化学；生物传感

中图分类号：O657.1；O657.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0149-12

Plasmon-boosted photoelectrochemical biosensing

FENG Zhenzhen¹，FAN Jinsong¹，ZHANG Pei^*1，2，LI Kun^*1

（1. State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics，College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China；2. Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province，Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University，Nanchang 330013，China）

Abstract：Photoelectrochemical sensing technology is developing rapidly in the field of analytical chemistry due to its excellent analytical performance，and the selection and reasonable design of photoelectroactive materials are of great importance for the realization of efficient photoelectrochemical sensing. Noble metal nanoparticles，with the remarkable optical property of localized surface plasmon resonance effect，have been increasingly used in the field of photoelectrochemical sensing.In this review，the sensing mechanism of plasmonic metal nanomaterials in photoelectrochemistry is firstly introduced，and the research progress of plasmonic metal nanomaterials for direct and indirect applications in photoelectrochemical sensing is summarized. Finally，the prospect of the development of plasmonic metal nanomaterials for photoelectrochemical sensing is presented.

Keywords：plasmonic nanomaterials；photoelectrochemistry；biosensing

自供电光电化学传感在食品安全快速检测中的研究进展

张晓艺¹，王小敏²，白宝清¹，尉立刚¹，张锦华¹，郭彩霞¹，杨钰昆^*1

（1. 山西大学生命科学学院，太原 030006；2. 山西中医药大学中药与食品工程学院，晋中 030619）

摘要：食品安全是重大民生问题，食品安全检测则是食品安全管理的重要环节。发展小型化、低能耗、高灵敏的食品安全快速检测技术不仅符合我国国情，而且在食品安全监管人员进行即时检测方面极具现实意义。自供电光电化学传感是基于光电活性材料发生光诱导电子-空穴转移的分析方法，它将从环境中获取的太阳能转化为维持传感器运行的电能，替代了对传统电池的使用，有利于设备无线化、便携化和低耗能。同时，它无需施加电压即可实现对目标物的检测，避免了溶液中还原产物的氧化造成的信号不稳定，从而提高传感检测的灵敏度和在生物分子检测中的应用。本文总结了自供电光电化学传感器的机制、分类及其在食品安全快速检测中的研究进展，探讨了该类无线、可持续、低能耗传感器在现场检测中的应用前景，为食品安全快速检测提供有效的技术支持。

关键词：食品安全；自供电光电化学传感器；食品安全危害因子

中图分类号：TS207.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0161-07

Progress in rapid detection techniques using self-powered photoelectrochemical sensing for food safety

ZHANG Xiaoyi¹，WANG Xiaomin²，BAI Baoqing¹，YU Ligang¹，ZHANG Jinhua¹，GUO Caixia¹，YANG Yukun^*1

（1. School of Life Sciences，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 030006，China；2. Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering，Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine，Jinzhong 030619，China）

Abstract：Food safety is a major livelihood issue，and its detection is an important part of food safety management. The development of miniaturization，low energy consumption and high sensitivity fast food safety detection technologies are not only in line with China's national conditions，but also extremely relevant in terms of immediate detection by food safety supervisors. Self-powered photoelectrochemical sensing is an analytical method based on photo-induced electron-hole transfer of photoactive materials. It converts the solar energy obtained from the environment into electrical energy to maintain the operation of the sensor，replacing the traditional batteries，which is conducive to the development of wireless，portable and low energy consumption of equipment. At the same time，it can also detect targets without applying voltage，which avoids the signal instability caused by the oxidation of reducing products in the solution，thus improving the sensitivity of sensor detection and its application in biomolecular detection. This paper summarized the mechanism，classification and research progress of self-powered photoelectrochemical sensors in food detection，and discussed the application prospect of this kind of wireless，sustainable and low-power sensors in field detection，which could provide effective technical support for rapid detection of food safety.

Keywords：food safety；self-powered photoelectrochemical sensor；food safety hazard factors

仿生超浸润界面传感技术在生物分析中的应用

孙梦雪，赵泳森，李延雷，高中锋^*

（山东省高校界面反应与传感分析重点实验室，济南大学化学化工学院，济南 250024）

摘要：仿生超浸润界面材料是构建高灵敏度、高特异性生物传感器的一类新兴材料，广泛适用于环境监测、生物医药、食品分析等领域。本文介绍了4种典型的超浸润界面，包括超疏水界面、超亲水界面、超润滑界面以及图案化浸润性界面，总结了界面浸润性调控在电化学、荧光、可视化、表面增强拉曼和可穿戴检测器件等技术中的研究和最新进展，阐述了传感器构建机理和检测机制。最后，对仿生超浸润界面传感技术在生命分析应用中存在的问题和现存的挑战进行了总结和讨论。

关键词：浸润性；生物传感技术；仿生材料；生物分析应用

中图分类号：O657.99    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0168-11

Application of bioinspired superwettable interface sensing technology in bioanalysis

SUN Mengxue，ZHAO Yongsen，LI Yanlei，GAO Zhongfeng^*

（Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction and Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong，School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，University of Jinan，Jinan 250024，China）

Abstract：Bioinspired superwettable materials are a type of emerging materials to construct high-sensitivity and high-specificity biosensors，which are widely applicable in fields of environmental monitoring，biomedicine，and food analysis. This review introduces four typical superwettable interfaces，including superhydrophobic interfaces，superhydrophilic interfaces，slippery interfaces，and patterned superwettable interfaces. It summarizes the research and latest advances of superwettability regulation in technologies such as electrochemistry，fluorescence，visualization，surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy，and wearable detection devices，and elucidates the construction mechanisms and detection mechanisms of sensors. Finally，the problems and existing challenges of bioinspired superwettable sensing technology in biological analysis applications are summarized and discussed.

Keywords：superwettability；biosensing technology；superwettable materials；bioanalytical applications

基于共价有机框架材料的电化学传感器研究进展

冯蓉，吴静^*

（中国地质大学（北京）数理学院，北京 100083）

摘要：共价有机框架 （COFs） 材料是一类由轻质元素（C，O，N，B等）通过强共价键连接而成的新兴结晶多孔材料。COFs因其可调孔径、永久孔隙率、拓扑可设计性等优点，被广泛用于电化学传感领域。金属纳米粒子、碳材料、金属有机框架、酶等功能材料与COFs复合，可以显著提高电化学传感器的分析性能，实现高灵敏度和选择性检测。本综述阐述了基于COFs的电化学传感器的最新研究进展，总结了制备方法，并对其传感机制进行了解释。介绍了新型COFs材料的设计和合成，以及基于新型检测模式的COFs电化学传感器的研究进展。

关键词：共价有机框架；多孔材料；电化学传感器

中图分类号：O657.31；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0179-16

Advances of electrochemical sensors based on covalent organic framework materials

FENG Rong，WU Jing^*

（School of Science，China University of Geoscience（Beijing），Beijing 100083，China）

Abstract：Covalent organic frameworks （COFs） materials are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials made of light elements （C，O，N，B，etc.） connected by strong covalent bonds. In recent years，COFs are widely used in the field of electrochemical sensing because of their tunable pore size，permanent porosity，and topological designability. The composite of functional materials such as metal nanoparticles，carbon materials，metal-organic frameworks，and enzymes with COFs can significantly improve the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors，achieving high sensitivity and selectivity. This review demonstrates the recent advances in electrochemical sensors，summarizes the development and preparation of COFs-based electrochemical sensors，and explains their sensing mechanisms. This review also describes the design and synthesis of novel COFs materials and the research progress of electrochemical sensors based on them depending on novel detection modes.

Keywords：covalent organic frameworks；porous materials；electrochemical sensors

基于粘度的现场快速检测方法及应用

张浩，刘书花^*，毕研慧，赵梅，武文丽，胡琼政^*

（齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）化学与制药学部，山东省分析测试中心，济南 250014）

摘要：即时检测技术（POCT）是一种价格低廉、响应灵敏、无需大型仪器、可快速得到检测结果的检测手段，通常由具有便携式“样品进-信号出”功能的生物传感器完成。虽然基于刺激响应聚合物溶胶-凝胶转变构建的生物传感器已有大量的研究报道，开发制备简单、检测快速、灵敏度高、选择性好的生物传感器依然具有十分重要的意义。近年来，研究者开发了基于聚合物粘度变化的新型生物传感器，可以一定程度上克服传统水凝胶传感器的缺点，具有较大的发展潜力。本文主要从检测平台以及输出信号模式两个方面，总结归纳了基于粘度的现场快速检测方法及应用。最后，对其发展趋势进行简要的讨论，以期为基于粘度的POCT技术的后续研究和发展提供参考。

关键词：即时检测技术（POCT）；生物传感器；刺激响应聚合物；粘度

中图分类号：TP212.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0195-13

On-site rapid detection methods based on viscosity and their applications

ZHANG Hao，LIU Shuhua^*，BI Yanhui，ZHAO Mei，WU Wenli，HU Qiongzheng^*

（College of Chemistry and Pharmacy，Qilu University of Technology （Shandong Academy of Sciences），Shandong Analysis and Test Center，Jinan 250014，China）

Abstract：Point-of-care testing （POCT） has attracted much attention recently with the merits of low cost，sensitive response，no need for large equipment，and fast data acquisition. POCT is usually achieved with portable "sample input-signal output" biosensors. Although a large number of POCT biosensors based on sol-gel transition of stimuli-responsive polymers have been reported，it is still essential to develop new biosensors with simple preparation，rapid response，high sensitivity，and remarkable sensitivity. Recently，series of biosensors based on the change of polymer viscosity have been emerging，which can largely overcome the shortcomings of traditional hydrogel-based biosensors. In this paper，on-site rapid detection methods based on viscosity and their applications are systematically summarized from two aspects including detection platforms and output signal modes. The development trend of viscosity-based POCT technology is also briefly discussed to provide a reference for the follow-up research.

Keywords：point-of-care testing （POCT）；biosensor；stimuli-responsive polymers；viscosity

全氟/多氟烷基化合物的光学传感检测研究进展

朱鹏安¹，刘静^*2，马雪娟¹，张信凤^*1

（1. 成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院，成都 610059；2. 四川省生态环境科学研究院，成都 610046）

摘要：全氟/多氟烷基化合物（PFAS）是一类重要的新污染物，具有生物毒性、环境持久性、生物累积性等特点，可对环境和生物造成一系列危害。因此，实现PFAS的快速灵敏检测至关重要。光学传感因所需设备简单、响应速度快等优点而被广泛用于PFAS的现场快速检测。本文对比色、荧光、表面增强拉曼、共振光散射、表面等离子体共振等多种光学传感检测PFAS的方法进行了综述，详细介绍了各种传感体系的构建和检测机制，并对其传感性能进行了归纳和比较。最后，对PFAS光学传感检测的未来发展趋势和改进方向进行了展望。

关键词：新污染物；全氟/多氟烷基化合物；光学传感体系

中图分类号：O657.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0208-12

Research progress on optical sensing of per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds

ZHU Peng'an¹，LIU Jing^*2，MA Xuejuan¹，ZHANG Xinfeng^*1

（1. College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering，Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu 610059，China；2. Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Science，Chengdu 610046，China）

Abstract：Per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds （PFAS） are an important class of new pollutants with bio-toxic，environmentally persistent，and bio-accumulative，which can cause hazards to organisms and environment. Therefore，realizing rapid and sensitive detection of PFAS is crucial for environmental and human health. Optical sensors are widely used for rapid on-site detection of PFAS due to the advantages of simple equipment and fast response time.In this paper，various optical sensing techniques for the detection of PFAS，such as colorimetry，fluorescence，surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy，resonance light scattering spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy，were reviewed. The construction and detection mechanisms of the various sensors were described in detail. The sensing performances were also evaluated and compared. Finally，the future development trend and improvement direction of the optical sensors for PFAS were prospected.

Keywords：new pollutants；per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds （PFAS）；optical sensors

高保真纳米耀斑在生物传感中的应用

王玉平，张峻，孙双红，肖新月，卿志和，谌委菊^*，周怡波^*

（细胞化学湖南省重点实验室，长沙理工大学化学化工学院，长沙 410114）

摘要：传统的纳米耀斑是基于金纳米颗粒（Au NPs）通过金-硫（Au-S）键共价组装功能核酸而成，广泛应用于DNA可编程组装、生物传感、成像和治疗等领域。然而，在细胞环境中，生物硫醇和其他化学物质的干扰是一个长期存在的问题，阻碍了其实际应用。针对此问题，通过升级纳米耀斑实现细胞内的高保真荧光成像，避免生物硫醇和其他化学物质的干扰以获得高保真信号，对细胞内高精度成像具有重要意义。本文对高保真纳米耀斑相关研究进行了归纳整理，系统概述了高保真纳米耀斑的设计原理及其在生物传感中的应用，最后展望了该策略在细胞成像方面的优势及应用前景。

关键词：纳米耀斑；高保真；细胞；荧光成像

中图分类号：O657.31；X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0220-09

Application of high-fidelity nanoflares in biosensing

WANG Yuping ，ZHANG Jun，SUN Shuanghong，XIAO Xinyue，QING Zhihe，CHEN Weiju^*，ZHOU Yibo^*

（Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry，School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Changsha University of Science and Technology，Changsha 410114，China）

Abstract：The traditional nanoflares designed by covalently assembling functional nucleic acid on Au nanoparticles （Au NPs） through gold sulfur （Au-S） bonds were widely used in fields of DNA programmable assembly，biosensing，imaging，and therapy. However，the interference of biological thiols and other chemicals is a long-standing problem that hinders the practical applications of nanoflares，especially in cellular environments. To address this issue，upgrading nanoflares to achieve high fidelity fluorescence imaging in cells，and avoiding interference from biological thiols and other chemicals to obtain high fidelity signal，is of great significance for high-precision imaging targets. This article summarizes and organizes the research related to high-fidelity nanoflares，provides a systematic overview of the design principles of high-fidelity nanoflares and their applications in biosensing. Finally，it looks forward to the advantages and application prospects of this strategy in cell imaging.

Keywords：nanoflares；high fidelity；cell；fluorescence imaging

外泌体在糖尿病治疗中的研究进展

郑文青，李优鑫^*

（天津市现代药物传递及功能高效化重点实验室，天津化学化工协同创新中心，天津大学药物科学与技术学院，天津 300072）

摘要：糖尿病（DMs）是威胁人类健康的严重代谢性疾病，其发病机制尚未明确，致病原因颇多。现已有多种糖尿病治疗方案，如注射外源胰岛素、植物源性天然产物、干细胞疗法等，但均存在难以改善胰岛β细胞、生物利用度差、免疫排斥等问题，因此亟待开发更加安全有效的治疗方案。外泌体（Exosomes）作为一种细胞分泌的囊泡，含有细胞内所有重要物质，且参与细胞间信息与物质传递，随着间充质干细胞等糖尿病有效治疗方案的逐步问世，同时包含多类同类物质的外泌体在糖尿病治疗中的潜力也逐步凸显，其可以通过多种途径同时降糖的作用被报道。本文综述了近十几年外泌体在Ⅰ型糖尿病（T1DM）与Ⅱ型糖尿病（T2DM）中的治疗方案，并介绍了其分子机制与具体治疗作用，以便为促进外泌体治疗策略在临床中的落实和应用提供参考。

关键词：外泌体；糖尿病；胰岛素抵抗；胰岛β细胞受损；胰岛移植；免疫抑制

中图分类号：R917    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0229-09

Research progress of exosomes in the treatment of diabetes

ZHENG Wenqing，LI Youxin^*

（Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency，Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering，School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China）

Abstract：Diabetes melitus （DMs） is a type of serious metabolic disease threatening human health. However，the pathogenesis is still unclear，and its causes are varied. At present，there are many treatment options for DMs，such as exogenous insulin injection，plant-derived natural product therapy，stem cell therapy. However，these therapeutic regimens have problems such as difficulty in improving pancreatic β cells，poor bioavailability and immune rejection. It is urgent to develop safer and more effective treatment programs. Exosomes，as vesicles secreted by cells，contain all the important intracellular substances，and are involved in the transmission of information and substances between cells. With the advent of mesenchymal stem cells and other new and effective treatments for diabetes，the potential of exosomes containing multiple similar substances in the treatment of diabetes has gradually been highlighted，and the role of exosomes in hypoglycemia through various ways has been continuously reported. This article reviews the therapeutic regimens of exosomes in type I diabetes mellitus （T1DM） and type II diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in recent decades，and summarizes their molecular mechanisms and specific effects，so as to promote their implementations and applications in clinical practice.

Keywords：exosome；diabetes mellitus；insulin resistance；damaged islet beta cells；islet transplantation；immunosuppression

丙烯酰胺诱导神经毒性分子机制研究进展

郑彬茹¹，商佳¹，陶倩倩¹，韦源青^1，2，刘睿^1，2，3，韩疏影^*1

（1. 南京中医药大学药学院，南京 210023；2. 江苏省海洋药用生物资源研究与开发重点实验室，南京 210023；3. 南京中医药大学，江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心，南京 210023）

摘要：丙烯酰胺（ACR）是一种常见的环境毒物，在食品加工过程中，由还原糖和天冬酰胺在高温下发生美拉德（Maillard）反应产生。近10年中，ACR的神经毒性等受到了越来越多的关注，是环境科学等领域的研究热点之一。本文围绕ACR的形成、食品中的分布及含量、实验及生活环境中ACR污染及暴露情况，总结近年来的相关文献并进行综述。基于共价结合的化学生物学视角，讨论了ACR诱导的神经毒性及其机制；提出用蛋白质组学、化学生物学等方法对ACR作用靶标进行筛选与鉴定；总结了对ACR诱导神经毒性的分子机制进一步研究的策略，并对研究方向进行了展望。

关键词：丙烯酰胺；神经毒性；共价结合；分子机制

中图分类号：TS201.2    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0238-12

Progress of molecular mechanism of acrylamide induced neurotoxicity

ZHENG Binru¹，SHANG Jia¹，TAO Qianqian¹，WEI Yuanqing^1，2，LIU Rui^1，2，3，HAN Shuying^*1

（1. College of Pharmacology，Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine，Nanjing 210023，China；2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics，Nanjing 210023，China；3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization，Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine，Nanjing 210023，China）

Abstract：Acrylamide （ACR） is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant，which is produced by the Maillard reaction of reducing sugar and asparagine in food processing at high temperature. The neurotoxicity of ACR，which is one of the research hotspots in environmental science and other fields，have been received attentions. The formation of ACR，its content and distribution in food，environmental and daily exposure to ACR pollution in experiments and life were summarized and reviewed in recent years. Based on the chemobiological perspective of covalent binding，the ACR-induced neurotoxicity and its mechanism were discussed and its mechanism were discussed；the screening and identification of ACR targets by proteomics and chemical biology were proposed；the strategies for further research on the molecular mechanism of ACR-induced neurotoxicity were summarized，and the research directions were prospected.

Keywords：acrylamide；neurotoxicity；covalent bonding；molecular mechanism

数据驱动的新污染物单体环境分析化学

李洪双¹，田思语¹，杨泽楷¹，程梦源¹，汤雯¹，赵娴¹，李浦风¹，罗丹¹，谢雪迎¹，邱恺培^*1，2，3

（1. 国家环境保护化工过程环境风险评价与控制重点实验室，华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院，上海200237；2. 上海污染控制与生态安全研究院，上海200092；3. 上海市环境保护化学污染物环境标准与风险管理重点实验室，上海200237）

摘要：新污染物是指未纳入监管、但存在较大环境健康风险的物质，具有种类繁多、环境持久性、生物累积性等特点。基于纳米孔道电化学的单体环境分析是一类新兴的监测技术，其测量原理是利用单个待测物过孔时产生的特征电流来定性，并用特征电信号的出现频率定量。本文聚焦两类重点关注的新污染物—全氟/多氟烷基化合物和微纳塑料，分别开发了基于生物纳米孔的单分子分析算法和基于毛细管固体孔的单颗粒分析算法。针对双三氟甲基苯甲酸异构体，通过单分子算法对原始电信号进行多维特征提取，在不使用标准品的情况下，将分类准确率从一维的74.3%提升至五维的92.6%。针对微纳塑料，利用单颗粒算法，实现了粒径4~6 μm的羧基聚苯乙烯微球精准区分，准确率为100.0%。进一步通过有限元模拟，提取了受单因素影响的参数，为新污染物精准监测提供了新思路。

关键词：新污染物；纳米孔道电化学技术；算法；有限元模拟

中图分类号：X830.3    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0250-08

Data-driven single-entity environmental analytical chemistry for new pollutants

LI Hongshuang¹，TIAN Siyu¹，YANG Zekai¹，CHENG Mengyuan¹，TANG Wen¹，ZHAO Xian¹，LI Pufeng¹，LUO Dan¹，XIE Xueying¹，QIU Kaipei^*1，2，3

（1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes，School of Resources and Environmental Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China；2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security，Shanghai 200092，China；3. Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants，Shanghai 200237，China）

Abstract：New pollutants （NPs） refer to substances that have not been regulated yet，but may pose great environmental and health risks，due to the characteristics of a wide variety，environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. Precision monitoring is a prerequisite for effective treatment of NPs. Single-Entity environmental analysis based on nanopore electrochemistry is an emerging monitoring method，of which the target can be identified by using the characteristic current generated when single analyte passes rough the nanopore，and be quantified by the frequency of events. In this work，two typical NPs，perfluorinated alkyl compounds and micro plastics are focused，while single-molecule analysis algorithm based on biological nanopores and single-particle analysis algorithm based on solid-state pores are developed，respectively. For the isomer of bistrifluoromethyl benzoic acid （BBA），the multi-dimensional features were extracted from the original signal by running the single-molecule algorithm. The classification accuracy was improved from 74.3% of one-dimensional to 92.6% of five-dimensional without using standards. For microplastics，the single-particle algorithm was used to accurately distinguish carbox polystyrene （PS） microspheres with particle size of 4-6 μm，with an accuracy of 100.0%. Finally，the parameters affected by single factors through single-particle finite element method simulation （FEM） were further extracted，which provided a new idea for the accurate monitoring of new pollutants.

Keywords：new pollutants（NPs）；nanopore electrochemical technology；algorithm；finite element method simulation （FEM）

杂交链式反应介导赭曲霉毒素A的比色/荧光双模检测

吴家浩，陈丽叶，谢新辉，江紫萍，赵倩^*，石星波

（湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院，食品科学与生物技术湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410128）

摘要：以赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）为目标物，以二氧化硅纳米颗粒作为载体，负载赭曲霉毒素适配体和HCR引发链（cDNA）杂交的DNA双链，构建了一种比色/荧光双模信号输出的高灵敏检测平台。在最优条件下，荧光信号回归方程为ΔF=1033.78lgc+13652.89，检出限为6.11×10^-14 g/mL；比色信号回归方程为A=0.02587lgc+0.7537，检出限为1.33×10^-13 g/mL。该方法成功应用于实际样品中OTA 的检测，为食品安全监测提供了一种新策略。

关键词：赭曲霉毒素A；适配体；杂交链式反应；双模信号；金纳米颗粒

中图分类号：O657.31； X832    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0258-08

Colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode signals for the detection of ochratoxin A mediated by hybridization chain reaction

WU Jiahao，CHEN Liye，XIE Xinhui，JIANG Ziping，ZHAO Qian^*，SHI Xingbo

(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology，College of Food Science and Technology，Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha 410128，China）

Abstract：In this study，Ochratoxin A （OTA） as target and silica nanoparticles served as carriers to immobilize DNA double strands hybridized by OTA aptamers and HCR trigger chain reactions （cDNA），a dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescent detection platform with high sensitivity was successfully established. Under the optimum conditions，the fluorescence signal regression equation was ΔF=1033.78lgc+13652.89，along with a detection limit of 6.11×10^-14 g/mL. And the colorimetric signal regression equation was A=0.02587lgc+0.7537，together with a detection limit of 1.33×10^-13 g/mL. Furthermore，this method was successfully applied to the detection of OTA in real food samples，offering a new strategy for food safety monitoring.

Keywords：ochratoxin A；aptamer；hybridization chain reaction；dual-mode signal；AuNPs

基于适体识别及杂交链式反应放大信号检测细胞外囊泡

吴谛^1，2，王亚静¹，王倩倩¹，李涛²，郭英姝^*2

（1. 临沂大学化学化工学院，临沂 276000；2. 齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）化学与化工学院，济南 250353）

摘要：利用在细胞外囊泡表面高度表达的特定蛋白作为靶标识别细胞外囊泡，可用于检测癌症相关的细胞外囊泡。基于此，提出了一种同时捕获和定量细胞外囊泡的检测方法。将核酸适配体修饰在单分散聚苯乙烯微球上，可特异性捕获细胞外囊泡；通过适配体触发的杂交链式反应放大荧光信号，可提高检测灵敏度。优化条件下，将本方法用于检测MCF-7细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡，体系的荧光强度变化值与细胞外囊泡浓度的对数在1.7×10³~1.7×10⁶ particle/μL范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）为0.9984，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.6%。

关键词：细胞外囊泡；杂交链式反应；聚苯乙烯微球；荧光检测；适配体

中图分类号：Q652    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0266-08

Detection of extracellular vesicles based on aptamer recognition and hybridization chain reaction amplification

WU Di^1，2，WANG Yajing¹，WANG Qianqian¹，LI Tao²，GUO Yingshu^*2

(1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Linyi University，Linyi 276000，China；2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Qilu University of Technology （Shandong Academy of Sciences），Jinan 250353，China）

Abstract：The use of specific biomarkers highly expressed on the surface of extracellular vesicles as targets to identify extracellular vesicles can detect cancer-associated extracellular vesicles. Based on this，an assay for capture and quantification of extracellular vesicles was proposed. By modifying nucleic acid aptamers on monodisperse polystyrene microspheres，specific capture of extracellular vesicles was achieved. The sensitivity of the assay was increased by amplification of the fluorescent signal using an aptamer-triggered hybridization chain reaction. Using this method to detect MCF-7 cell-derived extracellular vesicles under optimized conditions，there was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence change ratio and extracellular vesicle concentration in the range of 1.7×10³-1.7×10⁶ particle/μL，with the correlation coefficient （R²） of 0.9984，and the relative standard deviation （RSD） of 1.6%.

Keywords：extracellular vesicles；hybridization chain reaction；polystyrene microspheres；fluorescence detection；aptamer

基于四面体DNA框架的循环信号放大策略用于microRNA的电化学检测

黄静¹，戴志龙¹，陈观宇²，饶盼详¹，杨宁²，许丽兰²，陈敬华^*2，章溪^*1

（1. 福建医科大学药学院临床药学与药事管理学系，福州 350108；2. 福建医科大学药学院药物分析学系，福州 350108）

摘要：基于四面体DNA框架和G-四链体（G4）结构，利用靶标介导的无酶链置换循环信号放大策略，构建了一种电化学传感策略，用于microRNA-21的高灵敏检测。根据靶标（microRNA-21）序列设计四面体DNA框架发夹探针，当靶标存在时，其与四面体DNA框架上的发夹探针互补配对杂交，进而启动3条发夹DNA的链置换循环反应，在电极表面形成大量的“Y”型DNA。每个“Y”型DNA结构中的2个末端均有G4结构，可与血红素（hemin）形成一种具有类辣根过氧化物酶特性的G4/hemin DNAzyme，催化3，3'，5，5'-四甲基联苯胺和过氧化氢的反应并产生较强的电流信号，从而用于microRNA-21的检测。当靶标不存在时，链置换反应无法启动，因而电化学信号较弱。结果显示，在1.00 fmol/L~1.00 nmol/L浓度范围内，峰电流差值（各浓度电流值-空白组电流值）与microRNA-21浓度的对数值具有良好的线性关系，线性方程为ΔI=45.04lgc+756.1，线性相关系数R²=0.9987，检测限为17.92 amol/L。该方法有望用于与miRNA-21相关的肿瘤早期诊断的临床应用。

关键词：微小RNA；四面体DNA框架；循环信号放大；DNAzyme；电化学传感

中图分类号：O657.1    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0274-08

Tetrahedral DNA scaffold-based cyclic signal amplification strategy for electrochemical detection of microRNA

HUANG Jing¹，DAI Zhilong¹，CHEN Guanyu²，RAO Panxiang¹，YANG Ning²，XU Lilan²，CHEN Jinghua^*2，ZHANG Xi^*1

(1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration，School of Pharmacy，Fujian Medical University，Fuzhou 350108，China；2. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis，School of Pharmacy，Fujian Medical University，Fuzhou 350108，China）

Abstract：In this study，an electrochemical sensor was constructed for the highly sensitive detection of microRNA-21 based on the tetrahedral DNA scaffold and G-quadruplex （G4） structure using a target-triggered enzyme-free strand displacement cyclic signal amplification strategy. A tetrahedral DNA scaffold hairpin probe was designed according to the sequence of the target （microRNA-21）.In the presence of the target，it hybridized with the hairpin probe on the tetrahedral DNA scaffold by complementary pairing，which initiated the cyclic strand displacement reaction of three hairpin DNAs and formed a large number of "Y"-shaped DNA structures on the electrode surface. Each "Y"-shaped DNA structure has a G4 structure at both upper ends，which can bind with hemin to form a G4/hemin DNAzyme with horseradish peroxidase-like properties. It catalyzes the reaction between 3，3'，5，5'-tetramethylbenzidine and hydrogen peroxide and generates significant current signals，which can be used for microRNA-21 detection. When the target was not present，the strand displacement reaction could not be initiated and thus the electrochemical signal was weak. The results showed there was a good linear relationship between the peak difference current and microRNA-21 concentration logarithm value in the range of 1.00 fmol/L-1.00 nmol/L，and the correlation equation was ΔI=45.04lgc+756.1，along with the correlation coefficient （R²） of 0.9987 and the detection limit of 17.92 amol/L. The biosensor is expected to be used in the clinical application of early diagnosis of miRNA-21-related tumors.

Keywords：microRNA；tetrahedral DNA scaffold；cyclic signal amplification reaction；DNAzyme；electrochemical biosensing

基于核酸等温扩增与侧向层析试纸联用鉴定黑胡椒调味品的真实性

王仁静¹，吴倩¹，彭育勃¹，薛鹏鹏¹，陈伟¹，姚帮本²，徐建国^*1，3

（1. 合肥工业大学食品与生物工程学院，合肥 230000；2. 安徽省产品质量监督检验研究院，合肥230000；3. 嘉兴大学化学与生物工程学院，嘉兴 314001）

摘要：本研究以黑胡椒中木瓜籽掺假为代表性研究对象，开发了一种分子扩增与侧向流动层析（LFA）联用方法，通过整合重组酶聚合酶链式扩增反应（RPA）和LFA技术，实现了对黑胡椒样品中木瓜籽掺假的敏感快速检测。该方法的检出限（LOD）为0.1%，整个检测过程可以在40 min内完成，适用于现场测试，并成功用于鉴定香料黑胡椒的真实性。

关键词：等温扩增；侧向层析试纸；真实性鉴定

中图分类号：TS207.7    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0282-06

Identification of the authenticity of black pepper seasoning based on the combination of nucleic acid isothermal amplification and lateral chromatography test paper

WANG Renjing¹，WU Qian¹，PENG Yubo¹，XUE Pengpeng¹，CHEN Wei¹，YAO Bangben²，XU Jianguo^*1，3

(1. College of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230000，China；2. Anhui Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute，Hefei 230000，China；3. College of Biological，Chemical Sciences and Engineering，Jiaxing University，Jiaxing 314001，China）

Abstract：This study focuses on the issue of papaya seed adulteration in black pepper，utilizing it as a representative case for research. A novel method that combines molecular amplification with lateral flow chromatography （LFA） has been developed. By merging recombinase polymerase chain reaction （RPA） and LFA technologies，a highly sensitive and rapid detection of papaya seed adulteration in black pepper samples was successfully achieved. The limit of detection（LOD） of this method was 0.1%，and the entire detection process can be completed within 40 min. This method is suitable for on-site testing and has been proven to be effective in authenticating the purity of black pepper spices.

Keywords：isothermal amplification；lateral chromatography test paper；authenticity identification

木质素碳纳米酶的制备及用于检测人尿液中多巴胺

闫珍仪¹，纪宇展¹，于若朴¹，张子涵¹，牛娜^*2，陈立钢^*2

（1. 东北林业大学奥林学院，哈尔滨 150040；2. 东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院，哈尔滨 150040）

摘要：以木质素磺酸钠为碳源，水热法合成了MoS₂掺杂的碳纳米酶（Mo，S-CDs），并基于其过氧化物酶特性，将其用于检测人尿中多巴胺的含量。对纳米酶的形貌进行了表征。结果显示，Mo，S-CDs为球型，直径在2 nm左右，在水中能够较好的分散；红外图谱结果表明Mo，S-CDs表面官能团丰富；X射线光电子能谱表明Mo，S-CDs中存在Mo，S，C，O元素。Mo，S-CDs具有稳定、高效的过氧化物酶催化活性，可催化H₂O₂与3，3’，5，5’-四甲基联苯胺（TMB）反应，生成氧化产物oxTMB。蓝色的oxTMB可被多巴胺还原回TMB，导致系统在oxTMB特征峰处的吸光度下降。因此，基于Mo，S-CDs对H₂O₂的传感能力构建了多巴胺-Mo，S-CDs的催化传感体系，并用于检测人尿液中多巴胺的含量。多巴胺浓度在0.5~20 μmol/L范围内有良好的线性关系，检出限为0.0639 μmol/L，回收率为96.5%~101.7%，相对标准偏差（RSD）<5%。

关键词：纳米酶；多巴胺；过氧化物酶；比色检测；尿液分析

中图分类号：O652.3     文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0288-06

Preparation of lignin carbon nanoenzyme and its detection for dopamine in human urine

YAN Zhenyi¹，JI Yuzhan¹，YU Ruopu¹，ZHANG Zihan¹，NIU Na^*2，CHEN Ligang^*2

(1. Aulin College of Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040，China；2. College of Chemistry，Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040，China）

Abstract：MoS₂ doped carbon nanoenzymes （Mo，S-CDs） was synthesized by hydrothermal method with sodium lignosulfonate as carbon source，and applied to detect the content of dopamine in human urine based on its peroxidase characteristics. The morphology of nanoenzyme was characterized. The results showed that Mo，S-CDs were spherical in shape with a diameter of about 2 nm and could be well dispersed in water. The infrared spectrum proved that there were abundant functional groups on the surface of Mo，S-CDs，and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） proved that Mo，S，C and O existed in Mo，S-CDs. Mo，S-CDs have stable and efficient peroxidase catalytic activity，which can catalyze the reaction between H₂O₂ and 3，3'，5，5'-tetramethylbenzidine （TMB） to produce oxTMB. The blue color oxTMB can be reduced to TMB by the reductive dopamine，resulting in the decrease of the system absorbance at the characteristic peak of oxTMB. Therefore，the catalytic sensing system of dopamine Mo，S-CDs were constructed based on the sensing ability of Mo，S-CDs to H₂O₂，which could detect the content of dopamine in human urine. There was a good linear relationship in the dopamine concentration range of 0.5-20 μmol/L，and the detection limit was 0.0639 μmol/L. The recoveries were 96.5%-101.7%，and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） were less than 5%.

Keywords：nanoenzyme；dopamine；peroxidase；colorimetric detection；urine analysis

基于环介导等温扩增技术的空间微生物安全水平评价方法

张倍铭¹，李安一²，李晓丹³，孙威¹，叶建设¹，马俊³，吕雪飞^*2

（1. 北京跟踪与通信技术研究所，北京 100094；2. 北京理工大学生命学院，北京 100081；3. 北京机械设备研究所，北京 100854）

摘要：以金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、青霉、黑曲霉4种典型空间微生物风险菌为试验对象，在筛选得到靶标微生物的特异性环介导等温扩增（LAMP）引物的基础上，成功建立基于LAMP的靶标微生物定量检测技术，检出限为200 copies/μL。该方法表现出良好的检测灵敏度、检测特异性和检测精密度，为空间微生物安全水平评价提供了一种切实可行的方法，为保障航天员健康和人机系统的安全性提供了重要的技术手段。

关键词：空间微生物；环介导等温扩增；核酸检测；金黄色葡萄球菌；肺炎克雷伯菌；青霉；黑曲霉

中图分类号：Q939.99    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1000-0720（2024）02-0294-07

Evaluation method for safety level of space microbial based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification

ZHANG Beiming¹，LI Anyi²，LI Xiaodan³，SUN Wei¹，YE Jianshe¹，MA Jun³，LV Xuefei^*2

(1. Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology，Beijing 100094，China；2. School of Life Science，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China；3. Beijing Institute of Mechanical Equipment，Beijing 100854，China）

Abstract：In this paper，four typical risky microbial bacteria in space，including Staphylococcus aureus，Klebsiella pneumoniae，Penicillium and Aspergillus niger，were selected as the targets，a quantitative detection technology for targets was successfully established，based on screening specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） primers for target microbials，and the limit of detection was 200 copies/μL. The method exhibits good detection specificity and repeatability，providing a practical and feasible method for evaluating the safety level of space microbials，which is also important for ensuring the health of astronauts and the safety of spacecraft.

Keywords：space microbial；loop-mediated isothermal amplification；nucleic acid detection；staphylococcus aureus；klebsiella pneumoniae；penicillium；aspergillus niger